澳大利亚457签证重大政策改变
澳大利亚457签证重大政策改变
澳大利亚普亚律师事务所
2017年4月18日
2017年4月18日，澳大利亚总理Malcolm Turnbull正式宣布会取消457工作签证，强调企业在考虑雇佣海外人士前，必须优先为澳大利亚人提供工作机会。
457工作签证是一种可以给予具有职业技能的签证申请人在澳大利亚居住工作4年权利的签证，需要由澳大利亚本地企业担保并提名。在持有此签证一定年限并满足相关条件后，该签证持有人可以申请获取永久居民签证。截止2016年9月30日，共有95，757个持有457工作签证者在澳大利亚。统计数字显示457签证持有人主要是印度人，其次是英国人占19.5%，中国人持有457签证的比例为5.8%，大约5554人左右。
澳大利亚联邦政府宣布会采取新的签证政策（命名为Temporary SkillShortage Visa, 简称 TSS）替代457签证系统，同时会公布新的技术移民的职业清单，减少大约200多的职业。新的签证系统为两种：一是短期临时签证，时间为两年临时签证，结束时间可以再延长两年，但是不能最终申请移民；二是中期临时签证，时间为四年临时签证，可以转为永居。新TSS系统基本要求如下：
同时移民局加强了申请企业担保类永久居住签证资格和条件的要求：
目前对于边远地区担保类签证的优惠继续保有，包括职业清单上的优待，提名费用减免，以及年龄条件放宽等等。
自2017年4月19日，就是明天开始，新的职业清单会实施，其中会有大约200多个职业会被移除出职业清单。^
此项签证改革将在2018年3月实行。
注释：
*目前中国应当和澳大利亚有特殊协议，针对中国签证申请者，可能不需要了劳动力市场测试；
#法定收入门槛2016年4月截止为$53,900.
^ 清单如下：
| Occupation | ANZSCO Code |
| Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Worker | 411511 |
| Actor | 211111 |
| Actors, Dancers and Other Entertainers NEC | 211199 |
| Aeroplane Pilot | 231111 |
| Air Traffic Controller | 231112 |
| Air Transport Professionals NEC | 231199 |
| Aircraft Maintenance Engineer (Avionics) | 323111 |
| Amusement Centre Manager | 149111 |
| Antique Dealer | 142112 |
| Apparel Cutter | 393211 |
| Archaeologist | 272414 |
| Archivist | 224211 |
| Art Director (Film, Television or Stage) | 212311 |
| Artistic Director | 212111 |
| Auctioneer | 611111 |
| Author | 212211 |
| Bed and Breakfast Operator | 141911 |
| Betting agency Manager | 142113 |
| Biochemist | 234513 |
| Biotechnologist | 234514 |
| Blacksmith | 322111 |
| Boarding Kennel or Cattery Operator | 149911 |
| Broadcast Transmitter Operator | 399511 |
| Building and Engineering Technicians NEC | 312999 |
| Business Broker | 612111 |
| Butcher or Smallgoods Maker | 351211 |
| Call or Contact Centre Manager | 149211 |
| Canvas Goods Fabricator | 393111 |
| Caravan Park and Camping Ground Manager | 141211 |
| Cinema or Theatre Manager | 149912 |
| Clinical Coder | 599915 |
| Clothing Patternmaker | 393212 |
| Clothing Trades Workers NEC | 393299 |
| Commissioned Defence Force Officer | 139111 |
| Commissioned Fire Officer | 139112 |
| Commissioned Police Officer | 139113 |
| Communications Operator | 342312 |
| Community Arts Worker | 272611 |
| Composer | 211211 |
| Conservation Officer | 234311 |
| Construction Estimator | 312114 |
| Conveyancer | 599111 |
| Corporate Treasurer | 221212 |
| Court Bailiff or Sheriff (Aus) / Court Collections Officer (NZ) | 599212 |
| Deer Farmer | 121314 |
| Defence Force Member – Other Ranks | 441111 |
| Defence Force Senior Officer | 111212 |
| Dental Hygienist | 411211 |
| Dental Prosthetist | 411212 |
| Dental Therapist | 411214 |
| Detective | 441311 |
| Director of Photography | 212313 |
| Diver | 399911 |
| Dog or Horse Racing Official | 452318 |
| Drama Teacher (Private Tuition) | 249213 |
| Dressmaker or Tailor | 393213 |
| Driller | 712211 |
| Driving Instructor | 451211 |
| Education Reviewer | 249112 |
| Electorate Officer | 224911 |
| Electronic Engineering Draftsperson | 312411 |
| Electronic Engineering Technician | 312412 |
| Electroplater | 322112 |
| Emergency Service Worker | 441211 |
| Engineering Patternmaker | 323411 |
| Engraver | 323311 |
| Entertainer or Variety Artist | 211113 |
| Environmental Health Officer | 251311 |
| Exercise Physiologist | 234915 |
| Film, Television, Radio and Stage Directors NEC | 212399 |
| Financial Institution Branch Manager | 149914 |
| Fire Fighter | 441212 |
| Fire Protection Equipment Technician | 399918 |
| First Aid Trainer | 451815 |
| Fisheries Officer | 311311 |
| Flight Attendant | 451711 |
| Floor Finisher | 332111 |
| Flying Instructor | 231113 |
| Food Technologist | 234212 |
| Funeral Director | 451311 |
| Funeral Workers NEC | 451399 |
| Futures Trader | 222212 |
| Gallery or Museum Technician | 399311 |
| Gas or Petroleum Operator | 399212 |
| Geophysicist | 234412 |
| Goat Farmer | 121315 |
| Golfer | 452412 |
| Graphic Pre-press Trades Worker | 392211 |
| Gunsmith | 323312 |
| Helicopter Pilot | 231114 |
| Historian | 272411 |
| Homoeopath | 252212 |
| Horse Trainer | 361112 |
| Human Resource Adviser | 223111 |
| Hydrogeologist | 234413 |
| Hydrographer | 311415 |
| ICT Support and Test Engineers NEC | 263299 |
| ICT Support Technicians NEC | 313199 |
| Importer or Exporter | 133311 |
| Insurance Investigator | 599611 |
| Insurance Risk Surveyor | 599613 |
| Intellectual Property Lawyer | 271214 |
| Intelligence Officer | 224411 |
| Interior Decorator | 399912 |
| Jockey | 452413 |
| Judge | 271211 |
| Kennel Hand | 361115 |
| Leather Goods Maker | 393112 |
| Legal Executive | 599112 |
| Liaison Officer | 224912 |
| Licensed Club Manager | 141411 |
| Life Scientist (General) | 234511 |
| Life Scientists NEC | 234599 |
| Light Technician | 399513 |
| Magistrate | 271212 |
| Maintenance Planner | 312911 |
| Marine Surveyor | 231215 |
| Marine Transport Professionals NEC | 231299 |
| Market Research Analyst | 225112 |
| Master Fisher | 231211 |
| Mechanical Engineering Draftsperson | 312511 |
| Media Producer (excluding Video) | 212112 |
| Metal Casting Trades Worker | 322114 |
| Metal Polisher | 322115 |
| Metallurgist | 234912 |
| Microbiologist | 234517 |
| Migration Agent (Aus) | 224913 |
| Mothercraft Nurse | 411412 |
| Multimedia Designer | 232413 |
| Music Director | 211212 |
| Music Professionals NEC | 211299 |
| Musical Instrument Maker or Repairer | 399515 |
| Natural and Physical Science Professionals NEC | 234999 |
| Nurse Researcher | 254212 |
| Nurseryperson | 362411 |
| Operating Theatre Technician | 311214 |
| Optical Dispenser (Aus) / Dispensing Optician (NZ) | 399913 |
| Optical Mechanic | 399914 |
| Other Sports Official | 452323 |
| Painter (Visual Arts) | 211411 |
| Park Ranger | 234314 |
| Parole or Probation Officer | 411714 |
| Pathology Collector (Aus) / Phlebotomist (NZ) | 311216 |
| Petroleum Engineer | 233612 |
| Plastics Technician | 399916 |
| Plumbing Inspector | 312115 |
| Police Officer | 441312 |
| Policy Analyst | 224412 |
| Policy and Planning Manager | 132411 |
| Potter or ceramic artist | 211412 |
| Prison Officer | 442111 |
| Procurement Manager | 133612 |
| Production Manager (Manufacturing) | 133512 |
| Public Relations Manager | 131114 |
| Quarantine Officer | 311313 |
| Radio Journalist | 212414 |
| Radio Presenter | 212113 |
| Railway Station Manager | 149412 |
| Regional Education Manager | 134412 |
| Research and Development Manager | 132511 |
| Retail Buyer | 639211 |
| Retirement Village Manager | 141912 |
| Safety Inspector | 312611 |
| Sail Maker | 393113 |
| Sales Representative (Industrial Products) | 225411 |
| Sales Representative (Medical and Pharmaceutical Products) | 225412 |
| Saw Maker and Repairer | 323315 |
| School Laboratory Technician | 311414 |
| Screen Printer | 392112 |
| Sculpter | 211413 |
| Senior Non-commissioned Defence Force Member | 139211 |
| Shearer | 361211 |
| Shoemaker | 393114 |
| Singer | 211214 |
| Small Offset Printer | 392312 |
| Sports Administrator | 139915 |
| Sports Umpire | 452322 |
| Stock and Station Agent | 611112 |
| Surveying or Spatial Science Technician | 312116 |
| Technicians and Trades Workers NEC | 399999 |
| Telecommunications Cable Jointer | 342412 |
| Telecommunications Technician | 342414 |
| Television Equipment Operator | 399517 |
| Television Presenter | 212114 |
| Training and Development Professional | 223311 |
| Translator | 272413 |
| Travel Agency Manager | 142116 |
| Travel Attendants NEC | 451799 |
| Tribunal Member | 271213 |
| Turf Grower | 121218 |
| Vehicle Painter | 324311 |
| Vocational Education Teacher (Non-Trades) | 242211 |
| Vocational Education Teacher (Trades) | 242211 |
| Web Developer | 261212 |
| Wholesaler | 133312 |
| Wood Turner | 394214 |
| Wool Buyer | 639212 |
| Wool Classer | 399917 |
| Workplace Relations Advisor | 223113 |
| Zookeeper | 361114 |
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